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課程名稱 |
高等構造地質學
Advanced Structural Geology |
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開課學期 |
105-2 |
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授課對象 |
理學院 地質科學研究所 |
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授課教師 |
盧佳遇 |
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課號 |
Geo7063 |
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課程識別碼 |
224 M1750 |
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班次 |
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學分 |
2.0 |
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全/半年 |
半年 |
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必/選修 |
選修 |
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上課時間 |
星期二3,4(10:20~12:10) |
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上課地點 |
地質315 |
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備註 |
與詹瑜璋、陳致同合開。與李建成合開
限學士班二年級以上
總人數上限：10人 |
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Ceiba 課程網頁 |
http://ceiba.ntu.edu.tw/1052Geo7063_ |
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課程簡介影片 |
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核心能力關聯 |
核心能力與課程規劃關聯圖 |
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課程大綱
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為確保您我的權利,請尊重智慧財產權及不得非法影印
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課程概述 |
地球科學家目前對於「大陸地殼發震帶以下之深處斷層作用」還不是很瞭解。在這個深度的斷層作用不再只是脆性破裂，而是有韌性（或柔性）變形的反應。這些斷層作用及機制不但有其重要性，而且也是目前在地體構造研究上最有爭議性的問題之一。這個問題牽涉到大陸地殼及其岩石圈是如何變形的？集中還是分散？我們將在一系列的書報討論中，探討在觀察資料及分析得到的控制及證據。 |
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課程目標 |
我們希望藉由此課程來了解並回答大陸地殼岩石圈之地體構造變形是集中還是分散的，包括以下問題：
－ 從地質學上的觀察可以告訴我們什麼？
－ 從地球物理學方面的觀察可以告訴我們什麼？
－ 從大地測量學方面的觀察可以告訴我們什麼？
－ 從地球化學方面的觀察可以告訴我們什麼？
－ 從實驗岩石流力學方面的模型可以告訴我們什麼？
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課程要求 |
１。本課程為尊重同學選修課程的權利，因此”第一週上課點名未到（包括遲到或早退之點名）視同自動退選”。被退選的名額將開放加選，如有困難應事先說明或請假。２。請注意課程資訊中之評分標準，準時出席，積極參與提問及討論。 3。在課程網頁討論區中發表的意見，建議及討論內容則為報告的評分標準。 4。上課時吃東西，睡覺，聊天被點到，每次扣一分。 5。請假請事先通知，事後請補證明，如不遵守以曠課記。 |
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預期每週課後學習時數 |
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Office Hours |
每週五 13:00~15:00 |
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指定閱讀 |
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參考書目 |
achmann, R., O. Oncken, J. Glodny, W. Seifert, V. Georgieva, and M. Sudo (2009), Exposed plate
interface in the European Alps reveals fabric styles and gradients related to an ancient
seismogenic coupling zone, Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 114.
Bourne, S. J., P. C. England, B. Parsons, J. Beavan, D. Darby, and R. I. Walcott (1997), The motion
of crustal blocks driven by flow of the lower lithosphere and implications for slip rates of
continental strike-slip faults, Nature, 391, 655-659.
Burgmann, R., and G. Dresen (2008), Rheology of the lower crust and upper mantle: Evidence
from rock mechanics, geodesy, and field observations, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary
Sciences, 36, 531-567.
Chen, W. P., and P. Molnar (1983), Focal Depths of Intracontinental and Intraplate Earthquakes
and Their Implications for the Thermal and Mechanical-Properties of the Lithosphere, Journal of
Geophysical Research, 88(NB5), 4183-4214.
Ching, K.-E., R.-J. Rau, K. M. Johnson, J.-C. Hu, and J.-C. Lee (2011), Present-day kinematics of
active mountain building in Taiwan from GPS observations during 1995-2005, J. Geophys. Res.,
116, B09405, doi:10.1029/2010JB008058.
England, P., G. Houseman, and L. Sonder (1985), LENGTH SCALES FOR CONTINENTAL
DEFORMATION IN CONVERGENT, DIVERGENT, AND STRIKE-SLIP ENVIRONMENTS - ANALYTICAL
AND APPROXIMATE SOLUTIONS FOR A THIN VISCOUS SHEET MODEL, Journal of Geophysical
Research-Solid Earth and Planets, 90(NB5), 3551-3557.
Gratier, J. P., Thouvenot, F., Jenatton, L., Tourette, A., Doan, M. L., & Renard, F. (2013).
Geological control of the partitioning between seismic and aseismic sliding behaviours in active
faults: Evidence from the western, alps, france. Tectonophysics, 600 , 226-242.
doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2013.02.013.
Gueydan, F., Y. M. Leroy, L. Jolivet, and P. Agard (2003), Analysis of continental midcrustal strain
localization induced by microfracturing and reaction-softening, Journal of Geophysical
Research-Solid Earth, 108(B2).
Gueydan, F., Y. M. Leroy, and L. Jolivet (2004), Mechanics of low-angle extensional shear zones
at the brittle-ductile transition, Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 109(B12).
Herquel, G., P. Tapponnier, G. Wittlinger, J. Mei, and S. Danian (1999), Teleseismic shear wave
splitting and lithospheric anisotropy beneath and across the Altyn Tagh fault, Geophys.Res.Lett.,
26(No. 21), 3225-3228.
Hoke, L., S. Lamb, D. R. Hilton, and R. J. Poreda (2000), Southern limit of mantle-derived
geothermal helium emissions in Tibet: implications for lithospheric structure, E. P. S. L., 180,
297-308.
Hsu, Y. J., M. Simons, S. B. Yu, L. C. Kuo, and H. Y. Chen, (2003) A two-dimensional dislocation
model for interseismic deformation of the Taiwan mountain belt, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 211,
287-294.
Jackson, J. (2002), Strength of the continental lithosphere: time to abandon the jelly sandwich?,
GSA Today, 12, 4-10.
Jackson, J., D. McKenzie, K. Priestley, and B. Emmerson (2008), New views on the structure and
rheology of the lithosphere, Journal of the Geological Society, 165, 453-465.
Johnson, K. M., and P. Segall (2004), Viscoelastic earthquake cycle models with deep stress-
driven creep along the San Andreas fault system, Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,
109(B10).
Kohlstedt, D. L., Evans, B., and Mackwell; S. J. (1995), Strength of the lithosphere: Constraints
imposed by laboratory experiments, Journal of Geophysical Research, 100(17), 587-517,602.
Leloup, P. H., R. Lacassin, P. Tapponnier, U. Scharer, D. L. Zhong, X. H. Liu, L. S. Zhang, S. C. Ji,
and P. T. Trinh (1995), The Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone (Yunnan, China), Tertiary transform
boundary of Indochina, Tectonophysics, 251(1-4), 3-&.
Leloup, P. H., Y. Ricard, J. Battaglia, and R. Lacassin (1999), Shear heating in continental strike-
slip shear zones: model and field examples, Geophysical Journal International, 136(1), 19-40.
Lynch, J. C., and M. A. Richards (2001), Finite element models of stress orientations in well-
developed strike-slip fault zones: Implications for the distribution of lower crustal strain,
Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 106(B11), 26707-26729.
Montesi, L. G. J., and G. Hirth (2003), Grain size evolution and the rheology of ductile shear
zones: from laboratory experiments to postseismic creep, Earth And Planetary Science Letters,
211(1-2), 97-110.
Norris, R. J., and A. F. Cooper (2003), Very high strains recorded in mylonites along the Alpine
Fault, New Zealand: implications for the deep structure of plate boundary faults, Journal of
Structural Geology, 25(12), 2141-2157.
Pili, E., Y. Ricard, J. M. Lardeaux, and S. M. F. Sheppard (1997a), Lithospheric shear zones and
mantle-crust connections, Tectonophysics, 280(1-2), 15-29.
Pili, E., S. M. F. Sheppard, J. M. Lardeaux, J. E. Martelat, and C. Nicollet (1997b), Fluid flow vs
scale of shear zones in the lower continental crust and the granulite paradox, Geology, 25(1),
15-18.
Priestley, K., J. Jackson, and D. McKenzie (2008), Lithospheric structure and deep earthquakes
beneath India, the Himalaya and southern Tibet, Geophysical Journal International, 172(1), 345-
362.
Rolandone, F., and C. Jaupart (2002), The distributions of slip rate and ductile deformation in a
strike-slip shear zone, Geophysical Journal International, 148(2), 179-192.
Sassier, C., P. H. Leloup, D. Rubatto, O. Galland, Y. Yue, and D. Lin (2009), Direct measurement
of strain rates in ductile shear zones: A new method based on syntectonic dikes, Journal of
Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 114.
Savage, J. C. (2000), Viscoelastic-coupling model for the earthquake cycle driven from below,
Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 105(B11), 25525-25532.
Scholz, C. H. (1998), Earthquakes and friction laws, Nature 391, 37-42, doi:10.1038/34097.
Sibson, R. H. (1982), Fault zone models, heat flow, and the depth distribution of earthquakes in
the continental crust of the United States, Bulletin of seismological society of America, 72, 151-
163.
Tapponnier, P., R. Lacassin, P. Leloup, U. Scharer, Z. Dalai, W. Haisei, L. Ziaohan, J. Shaocheng, Z.
Lianshang, and Z. Jiayou (1990), The Ailao Shan/Red River metamorphic belt: tertiary left-lateral
shear between Indochina and South China, Nature, 343(6257), 431-437.
Thatcher, W. (1983), Non-Linear Strain Buildup and the Earthquake Cycle on the San- Andreas
Fault, Journal of Geophysical Research, 88(NB7), 5893-5902.
Thatcher, W., and P. C. England (1998), Ductile shear zones beneath strike-slip faults:
Implications for the thermomechanics of the San Andreas fault zone, Journal of Geophysical
Research-Solid Earth, 103(B1), 891-905.
Thatcher, W. (2007), Microplate model for the present-day deformation of Tibet, Journal of
Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 112(B1).
Thomas, M., J.P. Avouac, J. P. Gratier, J.C. Lee (2014), Lithological control on the deformation
mechanism and the mode of fault slip on the Longitudinal Valley Fault, Taiwan, Tectonophyscis
(in press).
Vauchez, A., and A. Tommasi (2003), Wrench faults down to the asthenosphere: geological and
geophysical evidence and thermomechanical effects, in Intraplate Strike-Slip Deformation Belts,
edited by F. Storti, et al., pp. 15-34.
Wittlinger, G., P. Tapponnier, G. Poupinet, J. Mei, S. Danian, G. Herquel, and F. Masson (1998),
Tomographic evidence for localized lithospheric shear along the Altyn Tagh fault, Science, 282(2
October 1998).
Zhu, L. P., and D. V. Helmberger (1996), Intermediate depth earthquakes beneath the India-
Tibet collision zone, Geophysical Research Letters, 23, 435-438.
Zhu, L. P. (2000), Crustal structure across the San Andreas Fault, southern California from
teleseismic converted waves, Earth And Planetary Science Letters, 179(1), 183-190.
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評量方式
(僅供參考) |
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No. |
項目 |
百分比 |
說明 |
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1. |
出席 |
20% |
(缺席一次扣5分) |
2. |
報告 |
40% |
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3. |
問題提問及參與討論 |
40% |
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週次 |
日期 |
單元主題 |
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第1週 |
02/21 |
Introduction 1 |
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第2週 |
02/21 |
Lecture of Dr. Jian-Cheng Lee |
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第3週 |
03/07 |
Lecture of Dr. Chih-tung Chen |
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第4週 |
03/14 |
Geologic-I Red River: Sassier et al. 2009; Yeh et al. 2008; Tapponnier et al. 1990 |
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第5週 |
03/21 |
Geologic-II Global: Bachmann et al. 2009; Norris and Cooper 2003; Gratier et al. 2013; Phillips & Searle, 2007 |
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第6週 |
03/28 |
Geologic-III Global & TW: Boullier et al. 2009; Gratier et al., 2013; Thomas et al., 2014 |
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第7週 |
04/04 |
Spring Break，4/25 EGU (midterm report writing) |
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第8週 |
04/11 |
Geodetic-I Johnson & Segall 2004; Savage 2000; Thatcher 2007 |
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第9週 |
05/02 |
Geodetic-II TW: Ching et al. 2011ab; Hsu et al. 2007
Midterm report hand-in |
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第10週 |
05/16 |
Geophysical Seis: Priestley et al. 2008; Chen & Molnar 1983
Heat flow: Thatcher & England 1998
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第11週 |
05/09 |
Annual Congress |
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第12週 |
05/23 |
Geochemical Hoke et al. 2000; Pili et al. 1997ab; Klemperer et al. 2013 |
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第14週 |
06/06 |
Rheology Strain: Gueydan et al. 2003; Montesi & Hirth 2003
Model: Lynch & Richards 2001; Rolandone & Jaupart 2002; Thatcher & England 1998
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第15週 |
06/13 |
Special topic: deformation band Schultz & Siddharthan, 2005; Fossen et al., 2007 |
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第16週 |
06/20 |
Field excursion Deformation band observation at Shitiping, eastern coast
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第17週 |
06/20 |
Term report writing |
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第18週 |
06/20 |
Final exam reports |
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